Changu Narayan Temple

Changu Narayan Temple holds the distinction of being the oldest Hindu temple in Nepal, with origins in the 4th century AD. Dedicated to Lord Vishnu, this sacred site sits about 12 km east of Kathmandu and a few kilometers north of Bhaktapur, perched atop a hill surrounded by forest.

The temple's historical significance is anchored by Nepal's oldest stone inscription, a pillar erected by Licchavi King Manadeva in 464 AD. Located in the west corner of the site, this inscription tells the remarkable tale of how a king convinced his mother not to commit suicide after her husband's death.

The sanctuary was initially built during the Licchavi period (4th-8th centuries AD). After a major fire incident, it was rebuilt in 1702 AD. The temple follows traditional two-level pagoda-style roof design, with the roof structure supported by small rafters arranged radially from the center of the inner masonry cell.

At the temple's front stands a beautiful 5th-century Garuda statue from the Licchavi period—unique in that it resembles a human being with wings, unlike other Garuda statues found elsewhere. The temple complex showcases some of the finest examples of Newari architecture through its intricate carvings, wood sculptures, and artwork.

Although primarily sacred to Vaishnavites (devotees of Vishnu), the temple also houses idols of Shiva and Durga, making it equally important to Shaivas and Shakti worshippers—demonstrating remarkable religious tolerance and mutual respect between different Hindu sects. The main deity is worshiped by both Hindus and Buddhists.

The 2015 earthquake destroyed the temple, but restoration with Chinese support was completed in five years. The Department of Archaeology announced completion in November 2017. As one of seven structures cited by UNESCO as demonstrating historic and artistic achievements of the Kathmandu Valley, Changu Narayan was designated a World Heritage Site in 1979.